📈

Noise Exposure Calculator

Build your day as rows of sound level (dBA) and duration, and this tool computes your cumulative daily noise dose (%) and Time-Weighted Average (TWA) under both the OSHA (90 dB criterion, 5 dB exchange rate) and NIOSH (85 dB criterion, 3 dB exchange rate) methods, with a compliance verdict and hearing-protection guidance.

This is pure arithmetic on the numbers you type in — not a measurement and not an occupational-health determination. The result is only as good as your level data, which should come from a calibrated sound-level meter or dosimeter, not a guess or a browser-mic estimate. The OSHA and NIOSH formulas, criteria and exchange rates here are the published standards (cited below), but a real exposure assessment depends on measurement method, mic placement, microphone calibration and how a full shift is sampled. Treat this as guidance for understanding the math — for compliance, an OSHA-recordable determination, or any legal/medical decision, consult a qualified industrial hygienist. Everything is computed locally; nothing is uploaded.

Your exposure day

Add one row per distinct activity or noise level in your shift. Enter the steady A-weighted level in dB(A) and how long you are exposed to it. Durations can be in hours or minutes (per-row unit selector).

Total exposure time: 0 h 0 min.

Results

OSHA PEL
Daily dose
8-hour TWA
Criterion 90 dB / 8 h, 5 dB exchange rate. PEL = 100 % dose (90 dB TWA). Action level 85 dB TWA (50 % dose).
NIOSH REL
Daily dose
8-hour TWA
Criterion 85 dB / 8 h, 3 dB exchange rate. REL = 100 % dose (85 dB TWA). More protective than the OSHA PEL.
A local download of the numbers you entered and the computed dose/TWA. Labelled indicative — not legal, complaint, or compliance evidence.

How It Works

Workplace noise rules don’t just look at how loud something is — they look at how loud it is and for how long. A short burst of loud noise and a long stretch of moderate noise can add up to the same hearing-damage risk. To capture that, regulators combine each exposure into a single daily noise dose and an equivalent 8-hour Time-Weighted Average (TWA): the steady level that, over a full 8-hour shift, would deliver the same total “dose” as your varying day.

For each row you enter, the tool works out the allowed time T at that level (how many hours you could spend there before reaching the daily limit), then divides your actual time C by it. Add up every C/T and multiply by 100 to get the dose percentage. 100 % dose is the limit; above that you are over the standard for the day.

OSHA (the US enforceable Permissible Exposure Limit) uses a 90 dB criterion for an 8-hour shift and a 5 dB exchange rate — every 5 dB louder halves the allowed time. The allowed time is T = 8 / 2(L−90)/5, the dose is 100 × Σ(C⊂ᵢ/T⊂ᵢ), and the TWA is TWA = 90 + 16.61 × log₁₀(dose/100). OSHA also defines an action level at 85 dB TWA (50 % dose) that triggers a hearing-conservation program.

NIOSH (the recommended, more protective limit) uses an 85 dB criterion and a 3 dB exchange rate — the equal-energy rule, where every 3 dB louder halves the allowed time. Here T = 8 / 2(L−85)/3, the dose is 100 × Σ(C⊂ᵢ/T⊂ᵢ), and the TWA is TWA = 85 + 10 × log₁₀(Σ(C⊂ᵢ/T⊂ᵢ)). Because NIOSH starts lower and counts loud sound more steeply, the same day almost always lands at a higher dose under NIOSH than under OSHA.

When a result goes over a limit, the tool shows where hearing protection would bring you back under, using the NRR (Noise Reduction Rating) concept. NIOSH recommends de-rating the printed NRR by subtracting 25 % for earmuffs, 50 % for slow-recovery formable plugs, and 70 % for all other (foam) plugs, then subtracting a further 7 dB for A-weighted exposures, to get a realistic field attenuation. The protected level then feeds back into the same dose math. This is education on the concept, not a fitting recommendation.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between dose and TWA?
Dose is the percentage of your daily allowance you have used — 100 % is the limit. TWA (Time-Weighted Average) converts that dose into a single equivalent 8-hour sound level in dB, so you can compare it directly against the 90 dB (OSHA) or 85 dB (NIOSH) criterion. They describe the same exposure two ways: dose is a percentage, TWA is the equivalent steady level.
Why do OSHA and NIOSH give different answers?
They use different criteria and exchange rates. OSHA’s enforceable PEL uses a 90 dB criterion and a 5 dB exchange rate (every +5 dB halves the allowed time). NIOSH’s recommended REL uses an 85 dB criterion and a 3 dB equal-energy exchange rate (every +3 dB halves it). NIOSH is the more protective limit, so the same day almost always reads a higher dose and TWA under NIOSH than under OSHA.
Where should my dB(A) numbers come from?
From a calibrated, A-weighted sound-level meter or a personal noise dosimeter, read at the worker’s ear over a representative period. This calculator does no measuring — it only does the arithmetic on what you type. A browser microphone is uncalibrated and cannot give a trustworthy dB(A) value, so do not feed it guessed or browser-estimated levels and expect a meaningful compliance answer.
Is this a legal compliance or OSHA-recordable determination?
No. The formulas and thresholds are the published OSHA (29 CFR 1910.95) and NIOSH (Publication 98-126) values, but a real exposure assessment depends on calibrated instruments, correct microphone placement, full-shift sampling and professional judgment. Use this to understand and sanity-check the math. For compliance, recordkeeping, or any legal or medical decision, consult a qualified industrial hygienist or your safety department.
How does the hearing-protection (NRR) estimate work?
It applies a de-rated Noise Reduction Rating to your levels and re-runs the dose math. NIOSH de-rates the printed NRR by subtracting 25 % for earmuffs, 50 % for slow-recovery formable plugs, and 70 % for all other (foam) plugs, then subtracts a further 7 dB for A-weighted exposures. It is a rough “is this in the right ballpark” estimate of the concept, not a substitute for a fit test or a manufacturer’s rated attenuation.
Does this tool use my microphone or record anything?
No. It is a pure calculator — there is no microphone access, no audio, and no recording. Everything you type stays in your browser and is computed locally. The optional CSV export is a local file download of your own entries and the computed results; nothing is uploaded or transmitted.